XB-ART-42897
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2011 Mar 15;10811:4334-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1017150108.
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Active liquid-like behavior of nucleoli determines their size and shape in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: actl6a fubp1 npm1 sycp2l
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Fig. 5. Dynamics of nucleolar substructures. (A) A GV exhibiting GFP∷fibrillarin/RFP∷NPM1�labeled nucleoli. Note that larger nucleoli contain many fibrillarin cores, whereas smaller nucleoli contain only one or two fibrillarin cores. (B) Image sequence showing fusion of several GFP∷fibrillarin/RFP∷NPM1-labeled nucleoli. Arrowheads track the positions of two fibrillar cores. (C) Image sequence showing the dynamics of GFP∷NO145 at the cortex of two fusing nucleoli. Note the GFP∷NO145 localization to the interior of nucleoli at the surface of nucleolar vacuole-like structures (*). (D) Intensity profile across the dotted line shown in C; peaks 1 and 2 reflect vacuolar surface, and peak 3 reflects nucleolar cortex. |
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Fig. 6. The role of a surrounding actin scaffold in slowing internucleolar contact. (A) Pulling on one region of the GV with a microneedle displaces nucleoli in distal regions, suggesting the presence of an elastic scaffold. Four nucleoli are highlighted. (B) GV treated with Cyto-D to disrupt filamentous actin. Nucleoli freely diffuse throughout the GV and fuse with one another upon contact; the fates of three nucleoli are highlighted. One large nucleolar clump results; note, however, that under these drug conditions nucleoli do not appear to regain sphericity and fusion appears perturbed. |
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